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Azo Dyes 偶氮
Azo dyes

WHAT ARE THEY?

These are chemical substances which may form part of the structure of certain dyes - azo dyes - and which, under certain conditions, may be released and absorbed by the human body through perspiration and saliva. The Azo dyes commonly used as colorants for textile and leather dyeing.

TOXICOLOGY?

The azo group is susceptible to reducing giving rise to the formation of aromatic rings (arylamines), some of which are proven to be potentially carcinogenic.

Formerly known as 2002/61/EC - 19th Amendment of EU Council Directive 76/769/EEC (11 June 2002)

This EU legislation bans the use of certain Azo dyes in both textile and leather products that can come into direct or prolonged contact with human skin.

The restricted Azo dyes are those that, if the azo group is reductively cleaved, have the capacity to release any of the 22 aromatic amines listed below. These amines are carcinogenic.

These dyes can be found in a variety of textiles and leather items including:

- Clothing
- Household textiles
- Leather clothing/ upholstery
- Watch straps, costume jewellery
- Shoes and belts
- Toys

The EU Directive allows a maximum of 30mg/kg of any of the above amines, when tested to EN 14362-1 and EN 14362-2.

Special case for p-aminoazobenzene

- When tested to EN 14362, as per the EU Azo Dye Directive, p-aminoazobenzene (what we refer to as 4AAB) breaks down further to form aniline and 1,4,phenylenediamine.

- If the test lab detects aniline and 1,4,phenylenediamine, it is not 100% certain that they are there because they are breakdown products of 4AAB.They could be from another source.

- Additionally, neither aniline nor 1,4,phenylenediamine are restricted by any legislation.

- There is a confirmatory test (64 LFGB B 82.02-2:2004-06) that does not split down 4AAB. However, the method is not approved by legislation although EN 14362 is currently being reviewed and there are plans to add this method into EN 14362 as part of this review process.

- In the absence of any legislation or guidelines, certain retailers have taken the decision to carry out this confirmation test and to have a limit of 30mg/kg for 4AAB if detected by this method.

LEGISLATION?

Country / Regulation / Maximum limit on the final product

- Austria / Ordinance Chemikalien -Verbotsverordnung 2003; and later amendments. / 30 ppm (leather and textiles)
- China / GB 18401-2010 and GB 20400-2006 (Leather and skins) / 30 ppm (leather); 20 ppm (textiles)
- Egypt / E.S.S. 7266-4/2011 / 30 ppm (leather and accessories); 20 ppm (textile and shoes)
- European Union / REACH: Regulation No. 1907/2006 Annex XVII and Annex XIV / 30 ppm (leather and textiles)
- Finland / "Decree on Maximum Amounts of Formaldehyde in Certain Textile Products (210/1988)" / 30 ppm (textiles for babies < 2 years)
- Indonesia / Decree of Minister of Industry Nº. 07/MIND/PER/2/2014 for the compulsory implementation of Indonesian National Standard (SIN) 7617:2013 / 20 ppm (all products)
- Lithuania / "Hygiene Norm HN 96:2000 (Hygiene Standards and Regulations)" / 20 ppm (in textiles for babies < 2 years old)
- Poland / "ROZPORZ_DZENIE RADY MINISTRÓW z dnia 19 pa_dziernika 2001 r. w sprawie bezpiecze_stwa i znakowania produktów w_ókienniczych. (Dz. U. z dnia 17 grudnia 2001 r.) (Regulation on Safety and Textile Marking)" / 20 ppm (textiles for babies)
- Serbia / Rules on bans and restrictions of production, placing on the market of chemicals that pose an unacceptable risk to human health and the environment. ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 89/2010, 71/2011, 90/2011 i 56/2012) / 30 ppm (others); 20 ppm (leather and textiles)
- South Korea / Safety Quality Mark Act (KC Mark) / 30 ppm (textiles)
- Spain / Order 2277/2003, modification of Royal Decree 1406/1989 / 30 ppm (leather and textiles)
- Taiwan / CNS 15503 General requirements for safety of children's products; CNS 15290 Safety of textiles (General requirements) / 30 ppm (textiles)
- Turkey / Decree Turkey. "Communique on Audit of Certain Textile and Clothing Products" / 30 ppm (textiles)
- Vietnam / Circular No. 32/2009-TT-BTC Ministry of Industry and Trade / 30 ppm (textiles)
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