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Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde

WHAT IS IT?

Formaldehyde is a volatile chemical widely used in the textile and leather industries as preservative for vegetable and animal raw materials, anti-wrinkling and anti-shrinking agent for cotton products, dyeing and printing fixative and leather tanning agent.

TOXICOLOGY?

This substance is strongly allergenic through contact (skin, eyes), inhalation and digestion. Furthermore, it is potentially a human carcinogenic agent and is also associated with allergic asthma. This chemical substance can be found in leather goods and textiles acting as:

• Biocide for the preservation of textile materials.
• Colour fixer and printer.
• Component in urea, melamine and phenolic resins (anti-crease and anti-shrinkage).
• Cross-linking agent in printing pastes for the fixing of certain dyes.

What Products will I Find Formaldehyde in?

Textiles

- Used in resins for easy care and crease resist finishes applied to cotton and other cellulosics.
- Used in flame retardant finishes.
- Used in anti-pilling finishes.
- Used in resins to stiffen mesh fabrics.

Printing

- Used in cross-linking agents for pigment printing

Leathers

- Used in the tanning process and finishing auxiliaries.

Why is It Restricted?

In its raw state it is carcinogenic. When used as described above, it can cause skin and respiratory irritation.

How do I Test for It?

EN ISO 14184-1("free formaldehyde") and EN ISO 14184-2 ("released formaldehyde") are used to measure levels on textile products.
EN ISO TS 17226 is used to measure formaldehyde in leather.

What Legislation Exists?

In Europe, the following countries have national legislation restricting the use of formaldehyde:

- Austria
- Czech Republic
- Finland
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Slovakia

Details are tabulated below

Because the irritant properties of formaldehyde have long been recognised, many retailers in other European countries such as UK and Sweden have formaldehyde limits written into their own store group performance standards.

Outside Europe, there are a number of other countries that have legislation on formaldehyde, including:

- Japan
- China
- Thailand
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