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Chromium VI
Chromium VI

WHAT IS IT?

Chrome (VI) (CAS Number 7440-43-3) is a heavy metal that can be present in dyes and chemicals auxiliaries used in the leather industries. These chemicals auxiliaries are used in leather tanning.

TOXICOLOGY?

Inhaling high levels of chrome (VI) may cause irritation to the nose, runny nose, ulcers and perforations in the nasal bone. Ingesting large quantities of chrome (VI) may produce stomach upsets and ulcers, convulsions, liver and kidney failure and even death. Skin contact with certain chrome (VI) compounds may cause skin ulceration. Some people are extremely sensitive to chrome (VI) and chrome (III). Allergic reactions consistent with reddening or serious swelling of the skin have been described.

Where is It Found?

It is mainly found in leather products. The most common tanning process for leather is chrome tanning. If this process is not controlled properly, the Cr(III) compounds, such as Chromium sulphate, which are used in the tanning process can oxidise to the Cr(VI) form, leaving residues of Cr(VI) in the tanned leather.

Why is It a Problem?

Hexavalent chromium compounds, Cr(VI), are known to be carcinogenic. Skin contact triggers dermatitis, allergies and irritations. It is also bio accumulative, highly toxic and carcinogenic to microorganisms and aquatic species.

Trivalent chromium compounds, Cr(III), are less damaging to health due to their limited absorption by the body.

Is there Legislation?

No EU legislation exists, but Cr (VI) is regulated by voluntary eco-testing schemes such as Oeko-tex and the EU Eco Label.
The test method is EN ISO 17075:2007 Leather - Chemical tests - Determination of chromium (VI) content.

Czech Republic: Amendment 521/2005 Coll. of Regulation 84/2001 Coll. "Hygienic requirements on toys and products for children up to age 3 years" applies. For all textile products and plastics, Cr(VI) does not detectable when extracted into solution of simulated acid perspiration. For all leather products, chrome(VI) shall be less than 0.1mg/kg when extracted as per pH test and chromium shall be less than 50mg/kg in extract prepared by extracting 140cm2 sample in 100ml water for 72 hours.

Germany: Bedarfsgegenständeverordnung (German Consumer Goods Ordinance) Annex 4 Item No 2 required Chromium VI may not be used in the manufacture of consumer goods made of leather which are intended to come into prolonged skin contact. The test method is § 64 LFGB B 82.02-11 (2008-10) with method detection limit 3 mg/kg.

Slovakia: Decree 635/2005 restricts Cr(VI) to a maximum of 10mg/kg.

Egypt: E.S.S 6535/2008 and 7322/2011 (Leather), E.S.S 3571/2006 and 7322/2011(Leather in footwear), E.S.S 3572 and 7322/2011 (Leather in sports footwear). Forbidden (detection limit 3 ppm) in all leather products

TEST METHODS?

DIN 53314
UNE EN 17075
ISO 17075
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标签:化学
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